Silent Dancing

Demarcus Spears Wei Chen ENGL. 1013 5-3-10 Drinking Age According to â€Å"Why Do Adolescents Drink† internet source teens believe drinking is the way to avoid the real world. They tend to think that it avoids stress related problems and peer pressure from others. Yet some people feel they are well old enough, and should be treated as an adult when it comes to drinking or lowering the drinking age to eighteen. Standing up going against lowering the drinking age is the way to stand because it is the wrong proposal to agree on for lowering it.The current drinking age should stay at twenty-one because eighteen year olds are not mature enough to consume alcohol and be able to be responsible for what happens. Many eight-teen year olds bodies are affected physically because they are not ready for the consumption of alcohol. If they began to drink at such an early age, alcohol can cause memory lapses, loss of coordination and slower reflexes. Alcohol is absorbed in the bloodstream an d can damage every organ in the body. At eight-teen life is just begging and to suffer from one of the many long term complications it offers would be devastating at that age.Teens would not be able to play sports, remember child hood stories to someday tell or you could end up in the hospital constantly on machines. At eight-teen teen should maintain a healthy diet to a longer healthier life. Drinking at the age of eighteen or younger could cause many long-term complications as well. Some of these effects include neurological dangers, cardio logical problems, respiratory dangers, liver disease, and psychological dangers. Dangers that include impaired vision, memory effects, and seizures that could lead to permanent damage to the brain.Damages also include respiratory depression and failure. Additionally alcohol increases the risk of mouth and throat cancer which could lead to bad effects. Cardio logical problems include elevated blood pressure and an increase on the heart rate. Liv er disease can also be cause by chronic alcohol abuse. Other physiological dangers include damage to the gastrointestinal system. Alcohol can cause deteriorate relationships with family, friends and co- workers. So ask yourself again at eighteen are you prepared to suffer the long-term complications at such an early age somewhere down your age line if starting to soon.Every twenty-two minutes someone dies in an alcohol-related accident that relates to many reasonable mental issues. Figuring the all a high number of those deaths and accidents come in the fifteen to twenty- four age group. Statistics show that seventy percent of all teenagers drink alcohol yet sixty percent of all teen deaths in cars are alcohol related. Young drivers are involved in driving accidents at higher rates than older drivers. Teens tend to be inexperienced drivers and inexperienced consumers of alcohol.With the information provided, if the age of alcohol were to be lowered, more teen deaths would occur much higher due to the drunken driving issue. Many teens today drop out of school due to the issue of alcohol abuse to the brain. Alcohol abuse is an excessive use of alcohol and alcoholic drinks in which has no reason to drink. A great amount of our teens are dropping out of school due to the use of alcohol. Some students who tend to drink may show up at school thinking it is cool to show it off. Then what happens is they encourage others to do the same and it creates more teens to want to become cool so they try it.What they don’t know is alcohol could become an addiction and create mental issues as of giving up on class work. Maybe not even attending class thinking it is cool. Or maybe even doing things you would do if you were not drunk. After awhile many students would think going other places such as jobs, interviews, public places would be the best way to go if you were drunk. So drinking at the age of a teen may cause them to drop out I see because their mind is not stron g enough to do the right thing when under the influence of alcohol. Some teens become frustrated and think it is the only way to go.Alcohol could also lead to the use of drugs which is a weak mind way and could lead to mental stages as well. At eighteen it is illegal to buy alcohol and if you are a daily drinker how else would people be able to get that same feeling if you were drunk. Teens could begin to become frustrated and need a back-up. Drugs such as marijuana, heroin is both illegal but yet people still use them as if they were legal. There is not an age limit for buying drugs. As a young teen under the influence of alcohol they have no control in what they do.So drinking with a group of friends may lead to an act of them doing drugs they have been doing in the past to a new alcoholic that’s a teen wants to try. Now days it becomes worse because they populations has grown an more teens are following the wrong foot steps in the wrong path and takes them off track an bef ore they know it it will be too late and they have come addicted to using a drug that never occurred to them until alcohol was brought to the picture. Just thinking of using alcohol or drugs to solve problems that have other ways around it is just not the way to go.So do not make the choice to start drinking because it will get very much out of hand before even noticed and may lead to many more dangerous stunts and accidents that we do not want to come across in the future. Lowering the drinking age could lead to mental stages such as committing suicide as well. Committing suicide is the easiest way out some teens may vary to see. Teens that tend to drink around other friends that are not big fans of drinking makes them become anti-social and make that group of people not want to hang with one particular person because he or she drinks.Before you know it the person who was singled out because of drinking may come to the senses of no one wanting to be around them. The teen drinker wi th such a week mind may endeavor that no one wants him around so he tends to lose focus on doing what’s best for them. Most teens often think if no one wants them around that committing suicide is the best way to handle it but it’s not. There are other ways around it like counseling and other obstacles. So lowering the drinking age would not be good because it could lead to senseless minds in teens and make them lose control and do something that is not worth it.The number of death rates would increase in teens and cause more pain to families. Teens are just not responsible enough to know that drinking could lead to hazardous deaths and changes in the body and make you keep having an instinct on committing such things that you thought you would never come to. However, many people today believe that if at eighteen you are old enough to join the army why should not you be able to buy alcohol at that age. Some people believe that fighting is better than just sitting aroun d drinking as a teen is the right way to go if you have to.Lowering the drinking age to eighteen will make people feel way more comfortable to just walk in the liquor store and buy alcohol. Instead as a teen drinking alcohol just takes it slowly down but is killing the inside of the body physically. Fighting in the army shows that a eighteen year old is dedicated to fight for his country showing honor. Drinking for no reason at eighteen is not showing honor it is showing ignorance. As it mean the law could be made but what teen is going to abide by it and not drink at the age of eighteen.If they are doing things besides listening to the law if it has not stopped now what would make it in the future. The talk upon the media would just be against making what is right better. But knowing that fighting at eighteen is a totally different thing at drinking at eighteen because people do not seem to understand the known facts of why fighting is more important. The drinking age should not be lowered no matter how much facts they have put to be proven because it is not going to stop young eighteen year olds to stop killing their bodies for no reason.Some parents would seriously think lowering it would harm society as well maybe because they have children out there that could be influenced at some young age and it could reduce life expand over one small drink leading to a couple more which could lead to trying more and more. So parents would agree more with being able to join the army than lowering the drinking age maybe. Some may be for lowering but everyone has their own opinion and the freedom of speech. If they believe eighteen year olds are old enough and responsible enough to buy alcohol then let it be.But they should think of how much more trouble it would cause if this happens. The drinking age should be change to twenty-five if more people had say so because most twenty-one year olds are not even mature enough with alcohol until this day. In conclusion, the age for drinking should not be lowered to eighteen. It is quite clear that an eighteen year old is not clearly mature enough to consume any alcohol at that age. Their bodies are not fully developed to hold as much alcohol. More drinking and driving accidents may occur more often.Many more teens would make it through school without the alcohol killing their brains. An eighteen year old is not near as responsible because it would make them do things they should not be doing. Agreeing or Disagreeing makes no differences in this argument. Having principles bagging up your information as of why the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. It could cause many more problems in the economy. This economy has been destroyed enough due to the typical issues that have been brought to this world because of unofficial details explaining why such a thing has to be done.Laws have been set to standards that the age twenty-one should be kept instead of eighteen. Just as it was mentioned earlier commit ting suicide is not what we need to be dealing with. It is one of the main causes of teen deaths so why would you consider lowering the age drinking what more harm do we need. So as we can see the drinking age is at it moderate level and should not be changed due to controversy reasons. Today people are very influenced by any type of easy way out and we should not base it on alcohol because of the numbering of alcohol drinks of teen accidents and the rate of taking a last drink leading to death.

Dell Computers: a Case Study in Low Inventory

When managers discuss low inventory levels, Dell is invariably discussed. Hell, even I've mentioned Dell on this site. So why all the commotion? Has their low inventory Really  helped out that much? In short, yes. This article is primarily going to discuss how much it helped. This article will not discuss how they achieved such high inventory turns using a state of the art just in time inventory system. Reasoning behind need for lower inventory The first thing that needs to be discussed is why low inventory has such a great effect on Dell's overall performance. The reason is quite simple: computers depreciate at a very high rate. Sitting in inventory, a computer loses a ton of value. As Dell's CEO, Kevin Rollins, put it in an interview with Fast Company: â€Å"The longer you keep it the faster it deteriorates — you can literally see the stuff rot,† he says. â€Å"Because of their short product lifecycles, computer components depreciate anywhere from a half to a full point a week. Cutting inventory is not just a nice thing to do. It's a financial imperative. † We're going to assume that the depreciation is a full point per week (1%/week) and use that to determine how much money high inventory turns can save Dell. This means that for every 7 days a computer sits in Dell's warehouses, the computer loses 1% of its value. Ok, now that we know how much Dell loses for each day, let's take a look at some of Dell's data over the past 10 years that I pulled from www. hemanufacturer. com What I got from this was the inventory turns. An inventory turn, as this website successfully describes it, is â€Å"cost of goods sold from the income statement divided by value of inventory from the balance sheet†. Typically, this is turned into a value showing how many days worth of inventory a firm has by dividing inventory turnover by 365. I divided the inventory turnover by 52 in order to show how many weeks worth of inventory Dell holds. Key point to notice here is that Dell was carrying over 10 weeks worth of inventory in 1993. By 2001, Dell was carrying less than 1 week's worth of inventory. This essentially means that inventory used to sit around for 11 weeks and now it sits around for less than 1 week. So what does this mean for Dell? Remember, computers lose 1 percent of their value per week. This isn't like the canned food industry where managers can let their supplies sit around for months before anyone bats an eye. Computers aren’t canned goods, and as Kevin Rollins of Dell put it, computers â€Å"rot†. The longer a computer sits around, the less it is worth. That said, due to depreciation alone, in 1993 Dell was losing roughly 10% per computer just by allowing computers to sit around before they were sold. In 2001, Dell was losing less than a percent. Based on holding costs alone, Dell reduced costs by nearly 9%. Since 2001, Dell has continueed to lower inventory. Looking at their latest annual reports, day's inventory has dropped by approximately a day. Hopefully this article provided you with a practical example that demonstrates the positive effects lower inventory can have on a firm's overall costs. For more information regarding lawyers in the Texas area, check out Dallas Fort Worth trucking accident attorney. For more basic information regarding holding costs, please read A Simplified Look at the Pros and Cons of Inventory.

Assessment of Basketball in Lexington, Kentucky

Assessment of Basketball in Lexington, Kentucky As an amateur anthropologist, I was to participate in my observation, which I did to the best of my ability. Choosing my topic was the most difficult for me. Coming to America there are so many options that I could choose to research. So what was I to do? Well, being in the state of Kentucky, Lexington at that, I decided to research a sporting event in which Americans call basketball. As soon as I stepped of the big metal bird, I saw a picture of a wild cat holding a round orange ball. I remember thinking, I could never hunt these animals, they are too smart, they are nothing similar to the ones in the Outback of Australia. So I stopped the person that rode next to me on the metal bird, What is that animal doing with that ball? He remarked, We are in Lexington, home of the Kentucky Wildcats. With that he walked away. How could Kentucky be considered the home of the wildcat? We have many in the Outback. So, I continued down the nest where the birds drink and rest. Then it finally hit me, the name of the basketball team were the Wildcats. I was well on my way to find these Kentucky Wildcats. I arrived where they house the wildcats that play ball. The name of the cage was Rupp Arena. Apparently, I was not the only one interested in watching these trained animals play the sport of basketball. The price to watch these animals were extremely expensive; thirty dollars in American currency which would translate into 300 of my own currency. Once inside the cage I found that it was not at all what I thought it to be. There was an enormous amount of people present. In my observation this event is the biggest that people in this culture attend. In this cage you could smell a variety of things. Some smells were all too familiar from home; the urine smell as you walked into the place where people went to relieve themselves reminded me of the Hole. They had many different foods that smelled nothing like anything that I have ever smelled before. They had a brown thing that was twisted into a weird design; they had something that was in the form of a triangle that looked like a piece o f bread with cheese on top and round meat. I later learned that this food was called pizza. I was introduced to sweet dirty water that they call Pepsi. They gave me little square chunks of ice to keep my Pepsi cold while I watch these animals play basketball. I was ready to go watch the animals. What a weird event that brought an extreme amount of people. As I enter the main room of the cage I find that the floor is made of wood with writing on it and there are two weird looking trees, one at each end of the court. I was overwhelmed by what I saw, I had to go down there and see what was going on. I figured there are a lot of people down there looking at the weird trees and the wood flooring with writing on it so why not join them. But what I was confused about was the fact that there were twenty-six people on this floor throwing orange balls into a ring attached on the trees. Maybe this was a ritual before the wildcats were brought out. As I try to take my first step onto the floor a man that was wearing a yellow coat with black lettering stopped me. He tried to explain that only payers could be on the floor. The expression on my face may have shown him that I was an outsider and he explained that the game was about to begin and I should take my seat. So before I found the correct seat after sitting in three other peoples seats, a man wearing a blue vest finally showed me to my seat. After sitting for ten minutes the villagers began standing. In order to attempt to fit in I did this also. After I stood, music began to play and for awhile it appeared that everyone was staring at me, but after a few moments I realized that they were looking at a flag which represents the United States. After the song was over, I did as the rest and sat down. I was ready to see the wild cats play basketball. To my surprise 10 of the twenty-six people that was throwing the orange ball into the rings on the trees walked out wearing their tribal colors, five on each tribe. Then thre e guys that were dressed like zebras walked out on to the floor with the two different tribes carrying the same orange ball that the tribal men were throwing up earlier. After everyone walked out onto the floor everyone began to yell as loud as they could and stomp their feet and clap their hands yelling, Go Wildcats. In absolute joy I stand up expecting to see the animals playing basketball, but instead it is the tribal men. They are running back and forth with the orange ball. Several of the men would throw the ball to the ground and it would bounce back up to them, as they would run with it. The tribal men would group themselves up in pairs and take turns standing in front of them waving their arms like they are crazy. I think that it was a ritual to do this to each other as to show respect for one another. The zebra looking men never touched the orange ball except when the made a loud noise through a little black thing they blew into. The zebras controlled tempers that both trib es would let explode into anger. Every time a tribe man would get hit by an opposite member of the tribe the zebra would blow his little black thing and hold up fingers towards the villagers in the bleachers. I noticed that this culture would use hand motions to communicate. As a participant I would mimic their actions and throw my hands in the air when they did. It was strange because the same motion would show either disgust or joy for their tribe. Some would even display their middle finger, which I took as a demeaning gesture. After twenty minutes of the tribes playing basketball, a loud horn sounded calling the tribes off the court. At this time all the villagers got up from their seat and go to the cages meeting place, where one could get food and beverage or urinate. Some would even put a small white stick to their mouth and proceed to catch it on fire. After thirty minutes everyone shuffled back into the stomping grounds in which were for before the big horn blew again. Once again the two tribal men took to the big wooden floor and the weird trees. I noticed that the chief was not wearing the same garments as his followers. He wore clothes that covered all his body except his face. The tribe men wore shirts with the sleeves ripped off and pants with half the legs cut off. I think that maybe the tribes men have battled prior to this meeting and this was the reason for their ragged garments. The chiefs never stepped onto the big wood floor. He did however wave his hands like a crazy man and even jumped up and down like the followers under him. Some of the men would even dive into the villagers to see if they were paying attention to what was unfolding before them. The assortment of the villagers was amazing. It seemed no matter if you had colored or you were pale you were accepted if you did well for the tribe and considered a disgrace if you hurt the tribe. Both tribes had people of different colors and ages. Some had graybeards and wrinkly skin and oth ers were too young to talk and show their approval for their tribe. All come out to show support and to encourage their respected tribe. After spending a Thursday night in a cage called Rupp Arena I learned that the tribes name is called the Wildcats and it is a competitive sporting event and nothing more. However, some of the villagers always think that they can do better than who represent them. I have found that if I live by these three rules in Rupp Arena one can successfully fill his/her role in compiling data; one- go along with the crowd, they have been around for awhile and know the ropes; two- yell loud for the tribe that traveled the least amount to get to Rupp Arena; three- smile and hit others hands when the orange ball goes through the ring on the tree. It is wise to yell for the tribe that you sit amongst. I would always have a person helping me to learn the game of basketball as Barbara Anderson had someone show her the ropes in the bathhouse. And to find out information about what was happening, I would ask just as she did to find out more about the culture in Denmark. As I just sat there observing the actions I found that everything was universal, the yelling, the hand gestures, and the jumping up and down. They were all actions that showed either disgust or joy for what was happening on the floor. This is a way that people can enjoy life and kick back and enjoy the actions that took place in front of them or it was a way for them to live their past through the current competitors. The weird trees I found out later are called goals in which the players would shoot the basketball. They would pass and dribble and the coach would teach his players to play defensive on the other team. I found it very hard to be just an observer and sometimes I would catch myself enjoying my surroundings and not doing the thing that I was there to do in the first place. I enjoyed it though because it enabled me to sit back and catch some people doing idiotic things that I probably sometimes do. Overall this was a fun project to take part in and I am glad that I was able to do it at a University of Ke ntucky basketball game.

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Islam - Essay Example west as the Islamic religion today is actually more than a religion, but rather an explanation and an alternative to the centuries of confusion of idolatry and paganism in the Arabian world, which unified a system of diverse beliefs and practices into a single religious perspective (Aslan, 6). The traditional Arabian paganism had many gods but all of them were supplicating to al-ilah, which then became the Allah of the Islam religion, to mean the creator. The other origin source of Islam religion was a counter-ideology to replace capitalism that was fast replacing the traditional Arabic values of collectivism, after the nomadic lives of the Arabs had quickly transformed into rampant and ruthless capitalism (Armstrong, 71). On the other hand, Islamic religion traces its origin back to the instability of the only dominant religion by then, Christianity. Christianity was characterized by struggles and wrangles amongst the rival camps and even worse, by a streak of persecutions that created a vacuum for a unifying ideology in the Arabian world as advocated by Muhammad the Prophet, which then became Islam (Islam, 83). In this respect, Islam, contrary to what the west considers as a religion, arose as an ideology to create a unification of the traditional values of the Arabs, while also replacing the Christian doctrine existing back in the 6th century, which was

Child Adoptions (Domestic vs International) Research Paper

Child Adoptions (Domestic vs International) - Research Paper Example There are two forms of adoption: international and domestic. Domestic adoption is carried out within a native country of the child. On the other hand, international adoption involves adopting a child from a foreign country. Of the two, international adoption is more involving and hectic. The following discourse seeks to assert that international adoption is more complicated than the domestic one. Introduction Child adoption refers to the process through which a person who is not the biological parent of a child assumes parental responsibilities. The process entails the transfer of all rights and privileges of having the child thereby making one responsible for the child’s welfare. Most common reason for adoption is barrenness (Bharat 32). Unlike guardianship in which a person takes care of a child belonging to the biological parents, adoption provides one with permanent ownership of the child thereby taking full responsibilities and rights of parenting the child. These include renaming the child which is always giving the child a new family name. Additionally, the child assumes the rights and privileges of the new family. Adopted children have the right to inheritance, and consideration in important family functions. The process is emotionally engaging and requires effective consideration. There are two types of adoption: domestic and the international adoptions. ... Discussion International adoption would most likely introduce a child to a totally different culture an aspect that may lead to culture shock. Consequently, getting used to a new culture in the case of international adoption would mean that it is more complicated especially if compared with the domestic one where one is mostly likely to be adopted within the same culture. This is normally the case since the international adoption involves taking a child to a new country. In such a case, the child would be exposed to a new experience since the demographical differences between the adopting and country of origin would be quite imminent. A child would therefore find it quite difficult to cope up with life in the new country. As expected, it would take some time before an adopted child fully adapts to life in the new country. This contributes to the complication in the process in case of international adoption. Legal and constitutional differences between countries complicate internation al adoption. Individual countries have their own regulations and legal practices which their citizens must adhere to before adopting a child. This is usually outlined in the constitutions. The differences in the legal frameworks between countries thus come as a hurdle while adopting a child. For instance, some countries outlaw homosexuality. In such countries, a couple which is homosexual would not be allowed be considered as married. In other nations, people who are homosexuals adopt children who they take care of (Leslie 22). Therefore, an international adoption where a gay person would seek to adopt a child from a country where homosexuality is outlawed would be complicated. This highlights how the process of international adoption might be

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Politics - Essay Example As a result, children acquire understanding for which they readily pay a universal submission. Men pay such ready universal submissions on either both well or ill informed ideas. Locke, therefore, suggests and emphasizes the importance of early childhood education towards greatly shaping up their progress and development. Locke is categorical that teaching is an initial responsibility of the child’s parents from cradle long before bookwork begins. The reason for this is because such little or seemingly insensible impressions have lots of significance and lasting consequences on child behavior (Locke 133). He adds that the tempers, particular defaults, and different inclinations found in children are so diverse that they may require various remedies and combined efforts of various people to provide a remedy. Locke does not stop at collective responsibility in educating and caring for children, he gives an encouragement to parents to ensure that they watch their children closely. Consequently, through observation, parents get an opportunity to understand their children in distinctive inclinations. In another instant, John Locke advices parents to device their education methods paying particular attention to their children during perfect freedom and master the manner in which children spend the time available to them. As a result, such information would enable a parent to understand the best ways of motivating their children to conduct themselves in the right manner. However, John Lock is keen to warn parents that due to varied tempers, some children are likely to fall off the right path of reason compared to other children. He, therefore, questions against failure to guide their children properly. Children not properly guided become cruel or irrational, a situation he compares to water turning this way and that way. He argues that the mind of a child is like water that can easily move from one directions to another and change from one shape to

Human Trafficking and Sex Tourism in Latin America Essay

Human Trafficking and Sex Tourism in Latin America - Essay Example Brazil is one of the countries in the Latin America mentioned in many international reports to have experienced blossoming sex tourism and human trafficking. The tremendous development of sex tourism and human trafficking in Brazil attributes to various historical, political, economic and social factors. Currently, serious cases of children involvement in commercial sex have gained an upward gradient as many of the participants are under-educated or totally illiterate. Evolution of the Menace According to Hannum, sex tourism in Latin America evolved as a result of increased demand for sex among the wealthy Europeans who travelled to Latin America to obtain cheap sex from the regional women. The evolution of sex tourism in the Latin American countries also relates to the establishment of military bases of foreign armies in those regions. The British armies are held as major participants in the evolution sex tourism in the Latin America. In the views of Hannum, governments of the Latin American countries like Brazil resolved to support tourism in their specific countries as this was one of the ways to generate massive revenues. Promotion of tourism in these areas coupled with the increase in number of commercial sex workers desperate for the foreign European currencies. Sex tourism as per the current statistics has grown to a multibillion dollar industry in Brazil. However, most of the revenues gathered from the sector do reach the government in either ways (Hannum). The industry encompasses women, males and international clients who either come to obtain sex or to sell their sex to respective consumers. Current Status, Trends and Predisposing Factors Hannun in reference to the reports of End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Child Trafficking (ECPAT), estimates that child sex tourism in Brazil rose to 500,000 in the year 1994. This is number is exceptional to Brazil alone without putting into count similar cases in other Latin American countries. Hannun reports that research conducted by the Predo Foundation averred that most incidents of prostitution among children in the larger Latin America correlate to regional incapability to care for its population. Reports indicate that most children resort to prostitution as an alternative way to earning a living. In addition, most of the children engaged in prostitution in the Latin American countries, specifically Brazil are victims of civil conflicts who faced abusive families. Hannum further demonstrates that increase in child sex tourism in Brazil links to the growing dislike of the old sex workers feared to have infections of sexually transmitted disease. Moreover, Hannun confirms that child sex tourism in Brazil and entire Latin America is factored by sex clients’ feeling of freedom from their social cultural rules that restrict the practice. The rigorous growth of child sex tourism in Brazil also relates to the increased media advertisements of jobs that lure desperate childr en to apply for such rare vacancies in their respective countries (Hannum). Advertisements of luxurious free travel have also been one of the ways used by dealers in the sex tourism industry to hunt for children and other sex tourism practitioners. Increase in sex tourism in Brazil also links to the wide internet advertisement of sexual pictures that trigger the urge for sex among the

Philosophy-Explain why Aristotle is known as the commonsense Essay

Philosophy-Explain why Aristotle is known as the commonsense philosopher - Essay Example The latter group of subjects is of common interest and appeal to a wide audience. This is one reason why he is considered a common-sense philosopher. Also, during 3rd century BC, no advanced methods of logical deductions were devised yet. As a result, Aristotle had to employ simpler methods bordering on common-sense to perform his analyses. For example, with the limited analytic and scientific tools at his disposal, most of Aristotle’s writings tended to be theoretical and qualitative. This meant that they were accessible to the general audience as well. For example, his writings on science were verified or disproved using mathematical models only as late as the 16th century, for there were no proper methods for disproving the same in the interim period. Interestingly, his reputation for being a common-sense philosopher is strengthened by some of the errors of observation/assessment he made. He had famously proclaimed in his History of Animals that human males have more teeth compared to females – something that could be shown to be incorrect upon simple investigation. He perhaps based this view on the fact that males are generally stronger than females. Similarly, he asserted that a heavy object will fall faster than a light object based on common-sense and intuitive observation.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN, Subject-Critical Thinking and Essay

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN, Subject-Critical Thinking and Investigation Methods - Essay Example Peter, Olson and Grunert (1999) defined CRM as â€Å"a comprehensive strategy and process of acquiring, retaining and partnering with selective customers to create superior value for the company and the customer†. According to them, CRM involves the integration of marketing, sales, customer service, and the supply-chain functions of the organization to achieve greater efficiencies and effectiveness in delivering customer value. These definitions emphasise that CRM is a comprehensive set of strategies for managing relationships with customers that relate to the overall process of marketing, sales, service, and support within the organisation. As a result, customers are given the chance to convey their preferences through the use of explicit or implicit means. In the retail industry, they make the company or organization aware of these preferences through communication lines established or through the personalized services (i.e. loyalty schemes and frequent shoppers programs) developed by the people in charge of customer relationship management. Having made aware of these preferences, companies continue to track these responses and offer their customers with products and services that are both customized and personalized. Customer loyalty and the understanding of their customers’ preferences are very hard and at the same time, take a lot of time. Because of this, the relationship established by the two becomes unique and the customers would often come back for a repeat business, one of the proofs of their loyalty to a certain company. This paper shall focus on customer relationship marketing to establish customer loyalty in the hospitality industry. Traditionally, it has been said that the products and services being offered in one hotel is very hard to differentiate from the products and services also being offered in another hotel. Hence, hotels

Psychology essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychology - Essay Example Normally, these performance appraisals tend to be â€Å"tick the box† exercise. This in essence creates anxiety on the side of the management and that of the employees. After the performance appraisal has been competed they should not be shelved until the next exercise but they should be looked at immediately to allow for appropriate review actions. This can help employees improve their performance. In most cases, problematic feedbacks are usually postponed or hidden or sometimes cheated about when filling the performance Appraisal form. Majority of managers do not want to report that those under them are not performing well for the fear of being responsible of their lack of promotion or a pay rise. The performance appraisal should be objective in nature. This is to say that, they should be full of professional perspectives and should not have any personal views. Usually personal views in the performance appraisals are biased and this is very detrimental. The process of perfor mance appraisal should not come as a surprise to the employees. This is because, if all emphasis is placed on the process then, there is a possibility of generating tension at the build up phase. This can also reduce motivation on the side of the employees, which as a result can lead to decreased productivity. Majority of the employees in the organization should be satisfied with the performance appraisal processes. An appropriate performance appraisal should be a truly consented abstract of what has been going on continuously in the organization between appraisals. Surely, if the appraisal process is reviewed twice or thrice annually, all the chances to sustain and direct the workers to get better are missed. This is because managing of people is a continuous process and not a one-time activity. The managers should not put more focus on the process alone as this is very dangerous but they should rather look at the continuing performance management. The managers should place their e mphasis on the reason why the performance appraisals are carried out. The main purpose why appraisals are conducted is to help employees become more effective. They also help the managers manage those under them well. The performance appraisal process should be an exercise that tries to unearth the truth about an individual’s performance on the work function assigned in the organization and therefore it should be realistic and clear. Briefly, a sound performance appraisal should be unbiased and purposely a continuous two way and specific process. It should not be an exercise that brings in fear and embarrassment to the employees but an exercise that motivates them. Part 2 Recommendations about how the success of a new performance appraisal process should be evaluated The success of a new performance appraisal process can be evaluated through various ways namely: Peer evaluations The organization can form a task force of four to seven employees. The mandate of the task force s hould be to set a peer evaluation program. The task force should be to set targets and objectives of the evaluation program and can carry out a pilot program. When conducting the pilot program, participants can be persuaded to offer feedback on whether the performance measurement system is good. This is because pilot program is significant for a new performance

Victimization At School Essay Example for Free

Victimization At School Essay One type of victimization that can happen at school is school shootings. We have seen too many times where students and teachers have been victimized by other students who bring guns to school and take innocent lives, due to many personal reasons. There is a huge need for stricter gun control laws to make certain that students are safer in their educational institutions. Too many deaths occur where school students are victimized when individuals decide they want to bring weapons to school and use them against innocent victims. Hugh LaFollette explains to us that (LaFollette, 2000) â€Å"The literature of gun advocates supports my contention that guns are inherently dangerous. They advocate the private ownership of guns to prevent crime and to arm the militia. Guns can serve these purposes only because they are effective means of inflicting and threatening harm. † It is fair to say that guns still cause innocent victims to lose their lives and shouldn’t be available for easy access to dangerous individuals. The recent massacre at Virginia Tech and other needless shootings proved that guns can end up in the wrong hands and cause innocent victims to lose their lives. Maggie Rodriguez from The Early Show on CBS tells us that (Rodriguez, 2007) â€Å"Its been eight years since Columbine, Helmke said via satellite from Washington, D. C. Weve done nothing as a country. Its been six months since the Amish school shootings. Weve done nothing as a country. We need to be asking out elected officials what they can do to prevent people from getting these kinds of high-powered weapons. Weapons have been easily accessible and have ultimately reached the hands of the wrong people who have taken the life of many innocent people in our schools. We have seen too many times how guns have been the weapons utilized by deranged individuals, used to cause too many senseless injuries and fatalities, at schools. We also have the argument from those in the pro-gun camp who will easily say that if people are permitted to carry concealed weapons to protect themselves, they can prevent these kinds of fatalities from taking place in our school settings. By allowing everyone to carry guns, we would be placing too many other’s lives in danger. Although, there would be instances such as the killings that took place at Virginia Tech, where guns could have possibly stopped the shooter, there would be more instances where lives would be taken because of this easy access to guns. By keeping guns away from the general public, we would make it more complicated for people like the gunman at Virginia Tech to get their hands on guns to kill innocent victims. Many gun rights groups, that are led by the National Rifle Association will argue that proposals that ask for stricter gun laws breach on the constitutional rights of every law-abiding citizen. They assume that these bans on the sale of specific types of weapons haven’t proved effective in decreasing crime, and that proposals for stricter background checks at all gun shows are formed to eliminate gun shows, themselves. Many gun manufacturers have easily volunteered the support for safety locks, but the NRA has criticized these safety locks for placing a huge burden on gun manufacturers, without benefiting to the public. Georgeann Rooney who is a specialist at a Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center explained a 2002 federal study where 37 school shootings and attacks were looked at from 1974 to 2000. Rooney explains that (Rooney, 2007) â€Å"While the study said there is no accurate profile of students who engage in targeted violence at schools, it noted that many said they felt bullied, persecuted or injured by others before the attacks oIn the Santana High incident, Charles Andy Williams complained about being bullied before he went on a shooting rampage at the Santee campus, leaving two dead and 13 wounded. † The same study showed that â€Å"Most attackers had access to and had used weapons before the attack and prior to most incidents, other people knew about the attackers plans. We learn that â€Å"Most attackers had difficulty coping with significant losses or personal failures and many had considered or attempted suicide. † We see very often that most attackers who take innocent lives on school property have serious mental disturbances. We learn from The National Center of Vital Statistics that (NCVS, 1999) â€Å"The risk of death at school based on 93 incidents that occurred in the nations 119,000 schools over a ten-year period, the annual probability of a school experiencing a student-perpetrated homicide is about 1 in 11,520. † The biggest concern is that there are many people who should be allowed to collect and carry guns, because they pose no threat to society but far too many times student, teachers and other school staff members suffer at the hands of disturbed individuals. Not everyone should be considered dangerous individuals because they carry guns, but by allowing guns to remain in their hands, we are making it too easy for tragic shootings to take place at our schools, when these when these weapons end up in the wrong hands. We learn from News Batch that (News Batch, 2005) â€Å"Gun control was not a major issue in the 2004 Presidential campaign. The percentage of Americans who consider gun control as an important issue has declined from 3% to 1%. Fewer Americans are supportive of gun control in general and handgun control in particular. † By not making gun control issues an important issue, we are ignoring a dangerous situation, where young students suffer to needless killings at school. Even with background checks, it is far too risky to allow individuals to have easy access to guns. The shooter at Virginia Tech was able to purchase guns because he had a background check that was clean because all shooters have criminal records. Gun control activists still believe that it is far to easy for criminals to obtain guns and that an alarming proportion of the population remains armed. Their concern has been fueled by an unprecedented recent rash of school shootings and fatalities. Many experts are blaming this phenomena on violent video games and poor parenting but in each case the youths involved had easy access to the weapons that they used. Gun control advocates support measures which would require locks on all guns, which would apply the provisions of the Brady bill to gun shows. These gun control advocate groups also advocate a federal law allowing only one handgun purchase per month and raising the age for gun ownership from 18 to 21. By increasing the age limit for buying guns to 21, we may decrease the number of shootings that take place but we aren’t eliminating the possibilities for dangerous individuals to get their hands on guns that kill. John W. Mashek (Mashek, 2007) tells us that â€Å"The tragedy at Virginia Tech should open our minds to a problem our nation refuses to confront. The easy access to guns and lethal weapons is a national disgrace. In Virginia alone, gun owners are limited to one purchase a month. I can hear the response from the NRA already: People kill people. Yes, but they do it with guns and too frequently with those easily accessible weapons. † He goes on to say that â€Å"The condolences from the NRA are of little comfort to the mourners of those slaughtered in Blacksburg. The NRA, to put it bluntly, has too many willing friends in Congress from both political parties. Campaign cash flows to them in hefty amounts. Members of both parties should be ashamed. † Without easy access to guns, criminals are less likely to kill. There are many individuals who will argue that â€Å"People kill, not guns. † Yes, this may be true, but without guns, they have less opportunity to kill. When killing is on the mind of a deranged individual, they usually look for guns to commit murders and by not making guns easy to buy, we are decreasing the threat that is upon society. Michael Daily, a daily news columnists asks, (Daily, 2007) â€Å"Still love those guns, Virginia? It is clear that many people are fed up with guns being so available to the general public. There must be serious restrictions placed on buying weapons. These restrictions should make it impossible for the entire general public to purchase guns. It is a fact that guns do kill and we must remove this threat that is causing so many needless shootings at our schools across the United States. Guns can be accessed much too easily and it is up to all Americans to stand up and say that we are tired of worrying about ourselves and our loved ones being taken out by individuals who have problems dealing with society. It is unfair for innocent victims to lose their lives because someone is having a bad day and can easily walk to the gun store and purchase a gun, in a rather small period of time. We must vote for strict gun control laws and make it far less possible for guns to reach the hands of the wrong people who kill and victimize students too often! Reference Page LaFollette, Hugh. (2000). â€Å"Gun Control†. Ethics. Vol. 1. P. 263-81. News Batch. (2005). â€Å"Gun Control Policy Issues†. www. newsbatch. com/guncontrol. htm. Mashek, John W. (2007). â€Å"Guns Kill People. Period. †. A Capital View. US News and World Report. Rodriguez, Maggie. (2007). â€Å"Shootings at VA Tech Spark Gun Debate†. The Early Show. CBS. Rooney, Georgeann. (2007). Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center. The National Center for Vital Statistics. (1999). â€Å"Serious Violent Crimes in Schools†. www. youthviolence. ed.

Styles Of Learning Essay Example for Free

Styles Of Learning Essay There are three different styles of learning, auditory, visual and tactile. Each one is very different from the other. Visual learners do best by seeing the lessons and even writing the important things. Auditory learners need to hear it and even reading it aloud to do best. Meanwhile tactile do better with hands on approach and do better with the physical when learning. For most people, they have one specific style of learning that helps them best. After taking the learning style assessment, it showed me how I learn best. I have learned  that I am an auditory learner. Being an auditory learner means I learn best by hearing and listening to whatever it is I need to know. One way that really helps me is to read something aloud several times and I usually remember it. I have to sit somewhere with very few distractions to be able to concentrate when I am learning something new or studying. If I hadn’t taken the learning style assessment, I would’ve never learned about being an auditory learner. One thing that is important is to always try new ways to study in a way that best suits your learning style. For instance, if I am trying to stay in a certain area of my home to do my studies but there are too many distractions; then I should find a place to study that is better suited to my learning style. For an auditory learner, I feel the best place to study would be somewhere quiet so I can concentrate but also so I can hear myself reading the work aloud. If I am unable to relocate to a quieter area, then I use ear plugs or headphones to drown out the distracting noises. I try to study in the same place, but I also know it is smarter to study somewhere I can learn the best. The world today has a lot of things that are very beneficial to auditory learners. When attending a class or studying new things, you can record yourself or the teacher and listen to the lesson repeatedly. As an auditory leaner, listening to the lesson will help me remember what I need to learn a lot easier. Another resource that is available, especially at CTU, is all the live classes are recorded and are available to listen to as many times as needed. The world today is all about technology, making it very easy to access audio files anywhere and at any time. Today’s high tech world makes learning very easy, no matter what type of learning style you are. After this assignment, I’ve learned a couple things about being an auditory learner that I didn’t previously know. I never knew that my constant talking to myself had anything to do with my learning style. It also explains why I always read everything to myself when I’m learning, which usually lead to being in trouble for talking in school. Another thing that really stood out to me that I didn’t know was that my learning style had influence over the mismatched color of my  clothes. I always thought it was me being weird or different. The three different learning styles are different from each other. Visual learners tend to be neater and do best when they sit in or near the front of the class. They also pay close attention to the teachers’ expressions and body language to help them understand the lesson. Tactile learners often find it hard to sit still and are often sidetracked by the need to be active. They do best when they take short frequent breaks while learner so they don’t overload themselves with too much at once. They are very hands on people; they express themselves through touching often. In a classroom setting, the learning styles are usually a good mixture of the three styles. The downfall usually is that one style usually annoys the other two and vice versa. Teachers should give the learning style assessment towards the beginning of the classes and try to seat people in the same general area as others with the same earning style to create a more cohesive classroom. Reference: What’s your learning style? http://www. educationplanner. org/students/self-assessments/learning-styles-quiz. shtml? event=resultsA=9V=5T=6

Introduction To Air Conditioning

Introduction To Air Conditioning Air conditioners and refrigerators work the same way. Instead of cooling just the small, insulated space inside of a refrigerator, an air conditioner cools a room, a whole house, or an entire business. Air conditioners use chemicals that easily convert from a gas to a liquid and back again. This chemical is used to transfer heat from the air inside of a home to the outside air. The machine has three main parts. They are a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The compressor and condenser are usually located on the outside air portion of the air conditioner. The evaporator is located on the inside the house, sometimes as part of a furnace. Thats the part that heats our house. The working fluid arrives at the compressor as a cool, low-pressure gas. The compressor squeezes the fluid. This packs the molecule of the fluid closer together. The closer the molecules are together, the higher its energy and its temperature. The working fluid leaves the compressor as a hot, high pressure gas and flows into the condenser. If we looked at the air conditioner part outside a house, look for the part that has metal fins all around. The fins act just like a radiator in a car and helps the heat go away, or dissipate, more quickly. When the working fluid leaves the condenser, its temperature is much cooler and it has changed from a gas to a liquid under high pressure. The liquid goes into the evaporator through a very tiny, narrow hole. On the other side, the liquids pressure drops. When it does it begins to evaporate into a gas. As the liquid changes to gas and evaporates, it extracts heat from the air around it. The heat in the air is needed to separate the molecules of the fluid from a liquid to a gas. The evaporator also has metal fins to help in exchange the thermal energy with the surrounding air. By the time the working fluid leaves the evaporator, it is a cool, low pressure gas. It then returns to the compressor to begin its trip all over again. Connected to the evaporator is a fan that circulates the air inside the house to blow across the evaporator fins. Hot air is lighter than cold air, so the hot air in the room rises to the top of a room. There is a vent there where air is sucked into the air conditioner and goes down ducts. The hot air is used to cool the gas in the evaporator. As the heat is removed from the air, the air is cooled. It is then blown into the house through other ducts usually at the floor level. This continues over and over and over until the room reaches the temperature we want the room cooled to. The thermostat senses that the temperature has reached the right setting and turns off the air conditioner. As the room warms up, the thermostat turns the air conditioner back on until the room reaches the temperature. Any system that loours temperature operates in similar fashion. First we take a gas, like Freon, and place it in a sealed system. This freon is then pressurized using a compressor. As its pressurized, it gets hot by absorbing the heat around it. This hot gas is then circulated through a series of tubes that dissipate the heat. Scientifically, the gas removes heat rather than adds cold, but thats a lesson in physics that doesnt really matter to us right now. The gas can lose lots of its heat, in other words it gets really cold, when we reduce the pressure. As it cools it becomes a liquid. This is when we get cold air blowing on wet sweaty forehead. To use this system in a car, it needed very little adaptation from its early applications as a refrigeration device. since it was discovered that Freon (R-12) was harmful to the earths Ozone layer, its been phased out for automotive use, and replaced with the slightly less efficient, but harmless R-134a refrigerant. This is actually good news because for years it was against the law to service our own air conditioning system without a license. Now that the refrigerant is safer, we can all work on our own A/C systems again! Some cars have not been converted from the old R12 to R-134a, but this conversion can be done easily. 2.1 WORKING OF AIR CONDITIONER 2.1.1 COMPRESSOR The air conditioning compressor is the refrigerant pump of the air conditioning system. The compressor compresses refrigerant inside the system and circulates it to the condenser and then to the evaporator. The evaporator is where the pressurized refrigerant is released, causing a drop in pressure resulting in a cold evaporator, the low pressure refrigerant is then returned to the compressor to be re-pressurized. The air conditioning compressor is driven by a drive belt that is pooured by the engine and can be engaged and disengaged by an electromagnetic coil on the front of the compressor (Fig.2.1). To maintain the efficiency of the air conditioning system the compressor drive belt should be checked regularly. If it is worn out or degenerated it should be replaced. The systems hoses should be checked for deterioration, bubbles, cracks and hardening or oily residue, all could be signs of leakage. The correct refrigerant charge should always be maintained, low system refrigerant charge is a common cause of a weak AC system. Odors can developed in the air conditioning system when a fungus has grown on the evaporator core. Warm damp surroundings provided the perfect breeding ground for fungus, which grows with moisture. Aerosol disinfectants can be used to remedy this condition. While the air conditioner system is running on the full high setting with recirculation feature activated, spray a disinfectant (Lysol, Ozium) into the inlet of the ac system (under the dash on the passengers side), be aware whatever we spray will come out of the upper vents, so we may not want our face in front of any vents when doing this procedure. Odors can be prevented from returning by repeating this procedure periodically throughout the summer months. This is the heart of our a/c system. The compressor is what takes the refrigerant (the gas) and pressurizes it so it will cool the air. Its run by an engine belt. The compressor also has an electrically operated clutch that turns the compressor on and off as we demand more coo l air. 2.1.2 CONDENSERS This is the area in which heat dissipation occurs. The condenser, in many cases, will have much the same appearance as the radiator in we car as the two have very similar functions. The condenser is designed to radiate heat. Its location is usually in front of the radiator, but in some cases, due to aerodynamic improvements to the body of a vehicle, its location may differ. Condensers must have good air flow anytime the system is in operation. On rear wheel drive vehicles, this is usually accomplished by taking advantage of our existing engines cooling fan. On front wheel drive vehicles, condenser air flow is supplemented with one or more electric cooling fan(s) (Fig.2.2). As hot compressed gasses are introduced into the top of the condenser, they are cooled off. As the gas cools, it condenses and exits the bottom of the condenser as a high pressure liquid. The condenser is like a miniature radiator, usually mounted at the front of the car right next to our big radiator. Sometimes the condenser will have its own electric cooling fan, too. The hot, compressed air passes through the condenser and gets lots cooler. As it cools, it becomes a liquid 2.1.3 EVAPORATOR Located inside the vehicle, the evaporator serves as the heat absorption component. The evaporator provides several functions. Its primary duty is to remove heat from the inside of our vehicle. A secondary benefit is dehumidification. As warmer air travels through the aluminum fins of the cooler evaporator coil, the moisture contained in the air condenses on its surface. Dust and pollen passing through stick to its wet surfaces and drain off to the outside. On humid days we may have seen this as water dripping from the bottom of our vehicle. Rest assured this is perfectly normal (Fig. 2.3). The ideal temperature of the evaporator is 32 Fahrenheit or 0 Celsius. Refrigerant enters the bottom of the evaporator as a low pressure liquid. The warm air passing through the evaporator fins causes the refrigerant to boil (refrigerants have very low boiling points). As the refrigerant begins to boil, it can absorb large amounts of heat. This heat is then carried off with the refrigerant to the outside of the vehicle. Several other components work in conjunction with the evaporator. As mentioned above, the ideal temperature for an evaporator coil is 32 F. Temperature and pressure regulating devices must be used to control its temperature. While there are many variations of devices used, their main functions are the same; keeping pressure in the evaporator low and keeping the evaporator from freezing; A frozen evaporator coil will not absorb as much heat. The evaporator is another little radiator that does just the opposite task as the condenser. As the super-cool liquid is passed t hrough its tubes, air is forced through and gets really cold, right before it hits our face. As it warms up again, the refrigerant starts turning back into a gas. 2.1.4 THERMAL EXPANSION VALVE Another common refrigerant regulator is the thermal expansion valve, or TXV. Commonly used on import and aftermarket systems. This type of valve can sense both temperature and pressure, and is very efficient at regulating refrigerant flow to the evaporator. Several variations of this valve are commonly found. Another example of a thermal expansion valve is Chryslers H block type. This type of valve is usually located at the firewall, between the evaporator inlet and outlet tubes and the liquid and suction lines. These types of valves, although efficient, have some disadvantages over orifice tube systems. Like orifice tubes these valves can become clogged with debris, but also have small moving parts that may stick and malfunction due to corrosion.(Fig .2.4) Flow control, or metering, of the refrigerant is accomplished by use of a temperature sensing bulb filled with a similar gas as in the system that causes the valve to close against the spring pressure in the valve body as the temperature on the bulb increases. As temperatures in the evaporator decrease, so does the pressure in the bulb and therefore on the spring causing the valve to open. An air conditioning system with a TX valve is often more efficient than other designs that do not use one. A thermal expansion valve is a key element to a refrigeration cycle; the cycle that makes air conditioning, or air cooling, possible. A basic refrigeration cycle consists of four major elements, a compressor, a condenser, a metering device and an evaporator. As a refrigerant passes through a circuit containing these four elements, air conditioning occurs. The cycle starts when refrigerant enters the compressor in a low pressure, low temperature, gaseous form. The refrigerant is compressed by t he compressor to a high pressure and temperature gaseous state. 2.1.5 RECIEVER-DRIER The receiver-drier is used on the high side of systems that use a thermal expansion valve. This type of metering valve requires liquid refrigerant. To ensure that the valve gets liquid refrigerant, a receiver is used. The primary function of the receiver-drier is to separate gas and liquid. The secondary purpose is to remove moisture and filter out dirt. The receiver-drier usually has a sight glass in the top. This sight glass is often used to charge the system. Under normal operating conditions, vapor bubbles should not be visible in the sight glass. The use of the sight glass to charge the system is not recommended in R-134a systems as cloudiness and oil that has separated from the refrigerant can be mistaken for bubbles. This type of mistake can lead to a dangerous overcharged condition. There are variations of receiver-driers and several different desiccant materials are in use. Some of the moisture removing desiccants found within are not compatible with R-134a. The desiccant ty pe is usually identified on a sticker that is affixed to the receiver-drier. Neour receiver-driers use desiccant type XH-7 and are compatible with both R-12 and R-134a refrigerants. The ac receiver drier is used to take all of the water out of the ac system, and to take out any contaminants that may plug the ac system. The ac receiver drier should be changed every time we remove any ac component that exposes the sealed ac system to the atmosphere. (Fig. 2.5) The ac receiver drier is typically located in the engine compartment and has 2 hoses connected to it. There also may be a low-pressure switch attached to the receiver drier as well. For convenience some ac receiver driers have a small window on the unit to allow we to see if the air conditioning system is fully charged. Simply turn the ac system on high, wait a few minutes and look at the small window. We should not see any bubbles passing thru the receiver drier. 2.1.6 ACCUMULATORS Accumulators are used on systems that accommodate an orifice tube to meter refrigerants into the evaporator. It is connected directly to the evaporator outlet and stores excess liquid refrigerant. Introduction of liquid refrigerant into a compressor can do serious damage. Compressors are designed to compress gas not liquid. The chief role of the accumulator is to isolate the compressor from any damaging liquid refrigerant. Accumulators, like receiver-driers, also remove debris and moisture from a system. It is a good idea to replace the accumulator each time the system is opened up for major repair and anytime moisture and/or debris is of concern. Moisture is enemy number one for our A/C system. Moisture in a system mixes with refrigerant and forms a corrosive acid. When in doubt, it may be to our advantage to change the Accumulator or receiver in our system. While this may be a temporary discomfort for our wallet, it is of long term benefit to our air conditioning system. An accumul ator can maintain the pressure in a system for periods when there are slight leaks without the pump being cycled on and off constantly. When temperature changes cause pressure excursions the accumulator helps absorb them. Its size helps absorb fluid that might otherwise be locked in a small fixed system with no room for expansion due to valve arrangement.(Fig.2.6) The gas precharge in an accumulator is set so that the separating bladder, diaphragm or piston does not reach or strike either end of the operating cylinder. The design precharge normally ensures that the moving parts do not foul the ends or block fluid passages. Poor maintenance of precharge can destroy an operating accumulator. A properly designed and maintained accumulator should operate trouble-free. 2.1.7 ORIFICE TUBE The orifice tube, probably the most commonly used, can be found in most GM and Ford models. It is located in the inlet tube of the evaporator, or in the liquid line, somewhere between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator. This point can be found in a properly functioning system by locating the area between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator that suddenly makes the change from hot to cold. We should then see small dimples placed in the line that keep the orifice tube from moving. Most of the orifice tubes in use today measure approximately three inches in length and consist of a small brass tube, surrounded by plastic, and covered with a filter screen at each end. It is not uncommon for these tubes to become clogged with small debris. While inexpensive, usually between three to five dollars, the labor to replace one involves recovering the refrigerant, opening the system up, replacing the orifice tube, evacuating and then recharging. Wit h this in mind, it might make sense to install a larger pre filter in front of the orifice tube to minimize the risk of of this problem reoccurring. Some Ford models have a permanently affixed orifice tube in the liquid line. These can be cut out and replaced with. (Fig.2.7) 2.2 CAUSES OF AIR CONDITIONING PROBLEMS 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION Most of us take the AC in our automobiles for granted. We dont give it much thought during our daily commute. The only time we think about it is when we it starts giving us problems. But just like all the other important part of a vehicle, its AC should also be maintained properly. Especially in the cities where we get a lot of sunshine, a car without a proper AC is nothing less than a solar heater. It can be quite a punishment to travel in such a car. There can be various reasons behind a cars air conditioning problem. There are various components in it and anyone of the AC parts can create trouble. For example, if there is absolutely no cold air from the AC, then it may have one of these problems: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The fuse might be blown. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Driver belt may be broken. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There can be a blockage in the expansion valve, receiver driver or refrigerant line. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fault or leakage in expansion valve. If we are having the problem of decreased cooling in the vehicle, then there might be a slow leak or blockage in the system that needs to be check as soon as possible. A low refrigerant charge, or a slipping AC compressor clutch can also decrease the performance of the AC. Here we must remember that minor leaks of refrigerant in some air conditioners are normal, but if the leakage increases over time, then see a mechanic immediately. Many of the neour models have external filters to keep the dust particles from reaching inside the car. But with time, these filters can also get clogged and reduce the air flow. Make sure that we clean these filters at regular intervals, especially if we live in a dusty place. If we experience a musty smell in the car than it is very much possible that mould is blocking the filter and evaporator of the Air conditioner. In such cases, the air might be cold but not cool enough and there will be a strange moisty smell inside the car. Many people might even experience allergic attacks as soon as they enter the car. Take the car to the mechanic immediately, if we suspect any mould or fungal infestation in our car AC. As we all have experienced at some point of our life, getting the AC of a car is tedious task because we have to send our cars to the mechanic for at least one or two days. This is not only very expensive, but very time consuming too. So, make sure that we keep our car in the best condition possible. Get it serviced on time and dont ignore any warning signs that our AC might be giving. Whenever we take our car on a rough and long ride, make sure that we get it serviced from a qualified mechanic afterwards. Ask the mechanic to put emphasis on the A/C compressor and its other parts 2.2.2 MAIN PROBLEMS AND CAUSES Air conditioning, which was once a great luxury, is now a common feature on most motor vehicles. While the servicing of modern car air conditioning systems is best left to professionals, we can get the most enjoyment from our ac system if we know a bit about how it works and what malfunctions we should be on the lookout for. 1. Odd smells coming from the air conditioning may be caused by bacterial buildups As our car becomes older, or when the air conditioning system is used infrequently, bacteria, micro-organisms, mold and fungi may start growing, just behind the dash panel on the evaporator causing some very unpleasant odors. Some even claim this can result in headaches and flu like symptom sometimes referred to as sick car syndrome. This problem can be solved by using an anti-bacterial treatment that destroys the bacteria growth and leaves our car smelling fresh again. 2. If we car does not feel cold enough, then we may need to recharge our system If we feel that our car doesnt feel as cold as our friends car, then our system may need servicing. The air conditioning system in our vehicle is not usually covered by most manufacturers servicing schedules and the refrigerant gas that is used to operate the system depletes over time. On average most vehicles lose up to 15% per annum. This leakage can be caused when then system is not used during the winter months. Thus allowing the small O ring seals to dry out resulting in a gradual deterioration in system performance. If this continues, eventually the system will not be able to operate at all. Most problems of this type can be put right fairly easily by a leak check of our system followed by a complete refill of our air conditioning refrigerant, this is sometimes referred to as a re-gas. 3. Running our air conditioning year round will help maintain the system If we run the air conditioning in the winter it will help to keep the system well lubricated and leak tight. This is because the refrigerant actually carries the oil that lubricates the system and most importantly the compressor. It also keeps the seals and hoses moist, thus preventing them from drying out and cracking which can lead to leaks. 4. Strange noises coming from the air conditioning should be attended to immediately. If our air-con system suddenly starts making noises we have not heard before it is very advisable to have a qualified vehicle air conditioning specialist to have a look at it. Some noises could be early symptoms of a compressor failure (the compressor is the air conditioning pump).The compressor is usually the most expensive part on the system ranging from approximately  £230 to  £600+ and if the bearings in our compressor break down or if the compressor seizes up it also means that other components can become contaminated with metal particles A flush of the system would then be needed as well as replacement of the compressor, the receiver/drier and the expansion valve quite a hefty bill! 5. Dont worry about a pool of water forming under our car after using the A/C If we see a puddle of water on the ground, usually under the passenger area dont be alarmed. This is a normal feature of the system as it is only water dripping from the air conditioning evaporator. The evaporator has a drain tube fitted to allow the condensation from the evaporator to drain away from the vehicle. 6. Excessive moisture inside the car can be fixed easily Sometimes the drain tube from the evaporator may become blocked or detached allowing the condensation to build up inside evaporator. If this occurs water will just build up inside oure car to a point where there are damp carpets or misting / high humidity type problems. These problems can be solved with low-cost servicing. 7. Have our air conditioning serviced regularly, even if there are no visible problems. Just as the other systems of our car need servicing on a regular basis, the same is true for the air conditioning system. The compressor needs oil, or else it will seize up. The filter collects debris and moisture. If the filter becomes blocked, then the performance of the system will deteriorate and it can even quit working entirely (probably when we need it most!) Normally the refrigerant gas in a car air conditioning system has to be recharged completely within four years from the manufacture date and thereafter every two to three years. An annual servicing of our cars air conditioning system will guard against malfunctions in the compressor and other vital parts of the system. Regular maintenance will save we money in the long run and guarantee we comfort in the hottest months. Vehicle manufacturers recommend servicing air-conditioning systems every two years. A fully functional system brings we several major benefits: Ensures that correct temperatures are being reached. Reduces pollen and pollution entering our car. Saves we money. Reduces the amount of chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere. Increases the life of our vehicles air conditioning system. A useful tip in winter is to run the air conditioning to prevent our windscreen misting 3.1. METHODOLOGY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FAILURE ANALYSIS 4.1. CONCLUSIONS The project report mainly deals with how an air conditioner works and explains the various working features of the air conditioner such as the working parts and then deals with the problems associated with air conditioning and the main causes of it. The project also gives an insight to the air conditioning world and how important it is to our modern day world.

Gifted Children †Blessing or Curse? Essay -- Exploratory Essays Resea

Largely ignored by the social sciences, the study of gifted students is of utmost importance. Though there are varying degrees of giftedness, it is widely recognized that those with intelligence quotients of over 130 are "gifted", as these IQ’s place them in the top five percent of the population. Gifted children have an insatiable desire to learn, to explore. They learn with very little help from adults. They are also marked by their persistence, energy, and obsessive interests. Most of them can read by age four, some even earlier, for gifted children are endowed with prodigious memories for verbal and mathematical information. They not only excel at logical and abstract reasoning; they are also interested in philosophical issues. Blessed with some many positive qualities, gifted children are often overlooked even when they’re plagued by problems. As gifted children represent only a small percentage of the student population, the public neglects many of their needs. Faced with pressures from their families, schools, peers, and themselves, gifted students become socially challenged. Thus, it is necessary for society to learn more about the stresses endured by gifted students, so that someday many of these problems can be eliminated. The independent variables include pressures from family, school, and peers. The dependent variables are the socially challenged gifted children. The intervening variables include family support, the economic status of the family, the skills of the teachers, the student’s learning style, the age of the gifted children and their peers, and the motivational level of the gifted student. Primary research was conducted through two interviews and 50 surveys. A teacher of gifted student was interviewe... ...y Relationships and the Gifted.Washington, DC. Available http://www.nagc.org/CounGuide/family.html 1998 Orange, Carolyn. "Gifted students and perfectionism." Roeper Review 20, 1 (Sept-Oct 1997) Silverman, Linda Krega."How Parents Can Support Gifted Children." ERIC Digests 16 Apr 2000 Silverman, Linda Krega. "Through the lens of giftedness" Roeper Review 20, 3 (Feb 1998) Tolan, Stephanie S. "The Lemming Condition" Roeper Review 20, 3 (Feb 1998) Webb, James T. "Nurturing Social Emtional Development of Gifted Children" ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education Reston, VA. Available http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Disgests/ed372554.html June 1994 Weber, Patricia. "Mental Models and the Identification of Young Gifted Students: A Tale of Two Boys" Roeper Review 32, 3 (Feb 1999) Winner, Ellen. Gifted Children New York: Basic Books, 1996.

The Work of Langston Hughes Essay example -- Poetry Langston Hughes Au

The Work of Langston Hughes Langston Hughes is considered by many readers to be the most significant black poet of the twentieth century. He is described as  ³...the beloved author of poems steeped in the richness of African American culture, poems that exude Hughes ¹s affection for black Americans across all divisions of region, class, and gender. ² (Rampersad 3) His writing was both depressing and uplifting at times. His poetry, spanning five decades from 1926 to 1967, reflected the changing black experience in America, from the Harlem Renaissance to the turbulent sixties. At the beginning of his career, he was surrounded by the Harlem Renaissance. New York City in the 1920 ¹s was a place of immense growth and richness in African-American culture and art. For Hughes, this was the perfect opportunity to establish his poems. His early work reflects the happy times of the era. However, as time progressed he became increasingly bitter and upset over race relations. Except for a few examples, all his poems from this later period spoke about social injustice in America. The somber tone of his writing often reflected his mood. Race relations was the shadow of his career, following him from his first poem to his last. The tone and subject matter of Hughes ¹s poetry can be linked to certain points in history, and his life. The youth of Hughes is brought out by his poem  ³Harlem Night Club ², a piece which describes living in the moment. Often children do not consider the consequences of their actions; they act on instinct and desire. Hughes might have been 27 when he wrote this poem, but the feisty, upbeat tempo of a school boy is present in his style.  ³Harlem Night Club ² is unique in that it describes the integration of blacks and whites in an optimistic tone. The vigor and spirit of his youth is reflected in the energy of the writing,  ³Jazz-band, jazz-band, ­ / Play, plAY, PLAY! / Tomorrow....who knows? / Dance today! ² The repetition of the words, and the increasing emphasis on the word  ³play ² bring out the excitement to the reader. More evidence of Hughes ¹s youth comes from the very focus of the poem: the interracial couples. The entire poem can be summed up as  ³...a single-glance tableau of interracial flirtation against a background of heady jazz. ² (Emanuel 120) This festive relationship between the two sexes can rarely be seen in any of Hughes ¹s later poems. At th... ... civil rights movement had peaked, Hughes is left feeling worthless. The bitterness he faced during his lifetime built up to a dull apathy that appears in this piece. Despite the fact that Hughes is  ³...among the most eloquent American poets to have sung about the wounds caused by injustice ² (Rampersad 3), he thought his poems made no impact on society. On the contrary, Hughes ¹s poems had a tremendous influence on African-American society. Although scholars and critics throughout his career dismissed his poetry as too  ³simple and unlearned, ² his primary audience, the black masses, and even Hughes himself viewed his work as  ³folk poetry ² which was beneath criticism. (Rampersad 4-5) His poems, when studied as a collection over the span of his life, clearly show how the tone and emphasis in the writing reflect the mood of Hughes himself as he grew old. The universal theme of racism and race relations defined all the important work of Langston Hughes. Langston Hu ghes Danny Belinkie December 23, 1999 Period 2 Works Cited Emanuel, James. Langston Hughes. Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1967. Arnold Rampersad. The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. Vintage Classics, New York, 1994.

Shylock in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice :: Merchant of Venice Essays

Shylock in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice Shylock is a Jew in the play "The merchant of Venice". He has a daughter called Jessica and he is in many ways a victim of anti-Semitism. Shakespeare brings across Shylock as a Jew using many different devices. For example he uses anti-Semitism to show that Shylock is meant to be portrayed as an isolated character. Anti-Semitism was based on religious grounds back then, they held the belief that Jews murdered Christ and were therefore in the league of the devil, this is why the Christians in the play and the directors of the play are vengeful towards Shylock. I believe that Shakespeare deliberately isolates Shylock, which then makes the play more effective, because putting all Christians in the play wouldn't give the play such a strong plot, as it has now. There would be no verbally abusive things said to both the Christians and the Jew and no remarks or stage directions used to show Shylock as the outsider, because the Christians would have treated him like one of their own! From the occurrences at that time, there were no rumours going around about the Jews which were mostly all made up, but it then gave Shakespeare an incentive, which resulted in portraying Shylock as the villain. Firstly, what is definitely noticeable is that Shylock is presented as an outsider. A way that this is proven is when you look at the directors, entrance notes an exit notes, they stand out considerably because Shakespeare writes Shylock "The Jew" this immediately denotes a difference within the play. Another way that Shakespeare is making the audience consider the fact Shylock's an outsider, is his use of language. It's very repetitive and it's conspicuous he's an outsider, he ends his sentences wit "well" every time. The sort of treatment that Shylock obtains from the other characters is that of a more aggressive and rude nature, but Shylock returns their vicious comments by a play on words and his hate for Christians,

Business Strategy And Economics

Abstract This paper is focused on the importance of disruptive innovation as described in the teaching of Professor Clayton Christensen.The first part of the paper introduces a business report of Christensen’s theory on disruptive innovation. The focus is on major assumptions of this theory, as they are applied to the performance of one of the leading European airline companies, Ryanair. Moreover, the second part of the paper outlines a plan that clarifies how the professor’s teaching enhances the potential of individuals to move forward to a sustainable and successful future based on the model of disruptive innovation. Introduction The theory on disruptive innovation has gained adequate importance in the global business environment. Introduced by Professor Clayton Christensen, this theory emphasises that companies should refocus their capacities and resources on technology in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage and growth in particular market segments (Christensen et al., 2008). Disruptive innovation is a powerful tool to drive the expansion of companies that are concerned with the attainment of long-term success (Christensen, 1997). The objective of this paper is to provide a business report on the theory of disruptive innovation as applied in the case of Ryanair, as well as to outline a plan of how the professor’s teaching can lead to developing of a sustainable and successful future, as human beings. Business Report In The Innovator’s Dilemma, Clayton Christensen (1997) introduced his distinct concept on disruptive innovation. Disruptive innovations are usually initiated as versions of products and services that already exist in the market, but they are identified as less desirable due to the aspect of lower quality. However, such products and services tend to improve with time and thus gain recognition among major customer population (Christensen et al., 2008). The conceptual framework of disruptive innovation is based on opportunity recognition, which is associated with the generation of useful ideas through implementing a past, present and future approach. The importance of considering past events have been acknowledged as a way to understand the specificity of how certain innovations have occurred (Cortez, 2014). Awareness of current trends in a particular business sector should be maintained in order to demonstrate disruptive innovation. Moreover, presenting possible scenarios is ano ther essential step of this approach that could help companies gain a strong competitive advantage (Christensen, 1997). Disruptive innovations can be perceived as ‘factor changers’ in the sense that they shape the markets into which specific products and services are introduced (Govindarajan et al., 2011). Therefore, disruptive innovations can refer to any product or service that has successfully altered dimensions of behaviour or technology in a particular market. It can be indicated that disruptive innovation usually characterises as low-end innovation and new market innovation (Christensen et al., 2008). Low-end innovation takes place when leaders tend to implement a strategy of over-supplying the needs of their customers with substantial technological capability or services that they may not actually need. As a result, a vacuum is created within such low-end market, which in turn reflects in a situation where customers with low demands are more likely to achieve their goals at lower cost (Jang, 2013). This aspect illustrates the validity of the theory on disruptive innovation consider ing the numerous examples of successful companies that have relied on this strategy, including Apple, Ryanair, and Rolls Royce. The second type of disruptive innovation, new market innovation, is focused on the formation of a new niche of customers by the introduction of new products or services. Individuals can be facilitated to complete certain procedures or processes that have been previously identified as challenging or quite demanding in terms of requiring a wide range of skills and knowledge (Christensen, 1997). However, established organisations usually demonstrate a trend to ignore the growth of new markets because of the prevailing conception that such markets are low margin. Similarly to low-end disruptive innovation, new market innovation indicates the importance of enhancing product offerings and expanding product niches (Habtay, 2012). Emphasis is put on attracting customers away from recognised or established products and services. Substantial disruption takes place as a direct result of this process, as the newly introduced products and services have the power to change the existing market on a permanent basis (Maldonado, 2014). The theory of disruptive innovation is valid because of the focus it maintains on the capacity of companies to refocus on technology advancements to optimise their performance. An example of the theory on disruptive innovation in practice can be found in the business operations of Ryanair. In the 1990s, leading airline European companies in the industry decided that the opportunities arising from the implementation of a low-cost strategy do not present a substantial threat to their market (Paton, 2013). Yet, newcomers in the European airline industry, such as EasyJet, applied the example of Ryanair’s point-to-point strategy. A direct outcome of this initiative was the creation of a low-cost niche market, which led to significant shifts in market behaviour as well as technology utilisation (Maldonado, 2014). It can be suggested that such niche of customers have realised the importance of Ryanair’s strategy even though they have not been identified as regular flyers. In addition, the low-cost and no frills strategy soon started to attract a considerable number of business travellers, who demonstrated a rapid switch from high-cost airline compani es to low-cost airlines (Christensen et al., 2008). This has been done with the assumption that low-cost airlines have significantly improved their service as a result of the implementation of disruptive innovation principles (Habtay, 2012). Such aspect demonstrates the validity of the theory considering its successful application to expanding companies’ growth in new markets. Ryanair has succeeded in the creation of a new market of budget travellers, which represents an example of the theory on disruptive innovation. The basic of such success was to offer routes to customers that no other airline did at rather competitive, affordable prices. The main aspect of disruptive innovation is to refocus technology use (Paton, 2013). This has helped the airline to maintain a close contact with its customers through optimisation of the internet use, commitment to quality, and safety maintenance and adequately focused criteria for growth. Ryanair has achieved its objective to reduce its operation cost through maximising its use of technical advances, as it introduced the options of booking of tickets and issuing of boarding cards online (Schmidt and Druehl, 2008). This airline company has provided a relevant example of how its operational teams and processes are brought together to deliver innovation in specific target niches. It has been assumed that the innovation introduced by Ryanair is desired by the target niche market (Habtay, 2012). Therefore, it can be argued that innovation levels should be maintained in balance in order to achieve the company’s initially presented goals for growth and expansion. As illustrated in Professor Clayton’s theory on disruptive innovation, an emergent strategy that organisations should adopt should be based on essential principles. Initially, companies that consider the option of disruptive innovation should incorporate elements of learning into their strategy plan (Paton, 2013). Furthermore, organisations should be focused on finding relevant information that can guarantee that they move in the right direction, similarly to what Ryanair did in the European airline industry through its adherence to the disruptive innovation model (Schmidt and Druehl, 2008). As a result, this type of innovation can produce long-term catalytic change, as illustrated in the example of Ryanair. The way in which a new technology addresses the demands presented in an existing customer segment is an important condition for success. Existing customers have been found powerful to affect an organisation’s resource allocation process (Christensen et al., 2008). The basic idea behind the application of disruptive innovation in practice is to introduce new functions or attributes, as Ryanair introduced a low-cost strategy and flexible fares to its customers (Petrick and Martinelli, 2012). A significant assumption can be provided in relation to new market disruptive innovation in the sense that it is more likely to prosper among customers that companies have not been addressed previously. As implied in The Innovator’s Dilemma, Professor Clayton’s theory of disruptive innovation illustrates both the strengths and weaknesses of using financial ratios to measure business performance in both the short-term and long-term (Christensen, 1997). The strengths associated with using these ratios refer to the capacity of companies to use specific financial information to advance their business operations. Weaknesses of these ratios include improperly maintained focus or irrelevant or inaccurate financial details. The most important ratios with regards to Professor Clayton’s theory are the following profitability ratios: Return on Capital Employed (ROCE); Current Ratio and Acid Test Ratio (Christensen et al., 2008). The ratio of RONA presents a comparison of net income with the specific net assets. The ratio of ROCE provides significant information about the returns that an organisation achieves from the capital it employed. In the case of Ryanair, the company’s ROCE ratio indicated a significant increase from 6.86% in 2011 to more than 10% in 2013 before tax (Paton, 2013). The formula for calculating the current ratio is to divide current assets and current liabilities. Therefore, Ryanair’s current ratio in 2013 is 1.97:1. Acid test ratio is obtained through subtracting current assets and inventory and the result is divided with current liabilities (Habtay, 2012). The acid test ratio in 2013 is 1.97:1. These ratios indicate that the company performs well in its niche target market as a result of the introduction of disruptive innovation. Plan Professor Clayton’s teaching provides fundamental business ideas that can help individuals move forward to a sustainable and successful future, as human beings. His concepts reinforce the potential of professionals in the business world to bring about a substantial change that can alter positively their lives (Christensen et al., 2008). When human beings are confronted with new technological innovations, they tend to explore the numerous opportunities associated with such technology advancements that can help them become more successful in their operations. Sustainability emerges as an essential dimension in Clayton’s teaching on disruptive innovation (Petrick and Martinelli, 2012). By finding new markets for new technologies, individuals can help companies move in the right direction through adhering to the model of disruptive innovation (Christensen et al., 2008). Technology is the key to a sustainable and successful future for human beings considering the emphasis on improvement in product performance. There has been always a drive to seek improvement of products and services in any market segment. Clayton’s teaching motivates individuals to restructure their thinking and present distinct inferences regarding the application of disruptive innovation models in practice (Chandra and Yang, 2011). In fact, the model suggested by the professor indicates a proven path to achieving a sustainable and successful future based on the concept of disruptive innovation. The ability of human beings to innovate is leading in the contemporary business world, which is oriented towards long-term success. Clayton’s ideas are focused on presenting a realistic framework according to which sustainable is achievable as well as new innovations address current needs and expectations identified in different markets (Christensen et al., 2008). As Clayton a rgued, market leaders are responsible for embracing such innovations and exploit the numerous advantages of technologies. As a result, this would contribute to the emergence of a high level of sustainability in the dynamic business environment (Maldonado, 2014). The model introduced by Professor Clayton provides managers with an opportunity to offer relevant insights into the most appropriate way of utilising disruptive technologies. The professor presents his arguments in a clear, consistent manner, which helps individuals understand the specificity and applicability of his theory (Christensen, 1997). The emergence of particular value networks is in line with the basic idea to refocus on technology through the distinct model of disruptive innovation (Petrick and Martinelli, 2012). Moreover, Professor Clayton emphasises the necessity to discuss different managerial decisions, which contribute to enhanced sustainability in the business world. Moving to a sustainable and successful future may be challenging for human beings, but they can make a sense of all activities pertaining to disruptive innovation and apply them in practice. This can help individuals realise the potential and practicalities of the ideas shared by Professor Clayton (Habtay, 2012). Emphasis on the learning cycle shows that both individuals and companies can embrace the concept of change, which may contribute to expanding sustainability not only in the organisational context but also in society (Christensen et al., 2008). The professor’s teaching is intended to clarify any misunderstanding related to business performance in the contemporary world. His ideas suggest that sustainability and business success are attainable through the simple realisation of companies’ potential (Christensen, 1997). In addition, the development of new capabilities as related to specific organisational boundaries may be a relevant solution to overcome problems i n a company’s performance. Conclusion This paper discussed Professor Clayton Christensen’s theory on disruptive innovation, which has been recognised as a significant tool in driving the growth of many organisations (Christensen et al., 2008). The paper also provided arguments pertaining to the successful implementation of the theory in practice. Ryanair was referred to as an example of company, which adheres to the model of disruptive innovation (Paton, 2013). It has been concluded that Ryanair’s low-cost strategy has brought substantial success to the company. Moreover, the paper discussed details on how the professor’s teaching is inspiring for human beings in the process of moving forward to a sustainable and successful future. References Chandra, Y. and Yang, S. (2011). ‘Managing Disruptive Innovation’. Journal of General Management, vol. 37(2), pp.23-50. Christensen, C., Johnson, C. W. and Horn, M. B. (2008). Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns. New York: McGraw-Hill. Christensen, C. (1997). The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press. Cortez, N. (2014). ‘Regulating Disruptive Innovation’. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, vol. 29(1), pp.175-228. Govindarajan, V., Kopalle, P. K. and Danneels, E. (2011). ‘The Effects of Mainstream and Emerging Customer Orientations on Radical and Disruptive Innovations’. Journal of Product Innovation Management, (1), pp.121-132. Habtay, S. R. (2012). ‘A Firm-Level Analysis on the Relative Difference between Technology-Driven and Market-Driven Disruptive Business Model Innovations’. Creativity & Innovation Management, vol. 21(3), pp.290-303. Jang, S. W. (2013). ‘Seven Disruptive Innovations for Future Industries’. SERI Quarterly, vol. 6(3), pp.94-98. Maldonado, E. R. (2014). ‘How to Identify Disruptive New Businesses’. Global Conference on Business & Finance Proceedings, vol. 9(1), pp.510-520. Paton, M. (2013). Ryanair Profits Soar 21% [online]. The Motley Fool. Available at: http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/01/28/ryanair-profits-soars.aspx [Accessed: 14 August 2014]. Petrick, I. J. and Martinelli, R. (2012). ‘Driving Disruptive Innovation’. Research Technology Management, vol. 55(6), pp.49-57. Schmidt, G. M. and Druehl, C. T. (2008). ‘When Is a Disruptive Innovation Disruptive?’ Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 25(4), pp.347-369.